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Emancipation betrayed The hidden history of Black organizing and white violence in Florida from Reconstruction to the bloody election of 1920

Ortiz Paul2005

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Summary

Subject: The aim of this book is to demonstrate that the decades leading up to the historic voter registration drive of 1919-1920 were marked by intense battles during which African Americans struck for higher wages, took up arms to prevent lynching, forged independent political alliances, boycotted segregated streetcars, and created a democratic historical memory of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Contrary to some claims that African Americans made few strides towards building an effective civil rights movement during this period, the author documents how black Floridians formed mutual aid organizations ? secret societies, women?s clubs, labour unions, and churches ? to bolster dignity and survival in the harsh climate of Florida, which had the highest lynching rate of any state in the union. The book demonstrates the many ways that black Floridians fought to expand the meaning of freedom beyond formal equality and considers how people resist oppression and create new social movements.